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  前端沙箱
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  <h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>沙箱，即sandbox，顾名思义，就是让你的程序跑在一个隔离的环境下，不对外界的其他程序造成影响。通过创建类似沙盒的独立作业环境，在其内部运作并不能对硬盘产生永久性的影响。</p>
<p>举个简单的栗子，其实我们的浏览器，Chrome中的每个标签页都是一个沙箱，渲染进程被沙箱隔离，网页web代码内容必须通过IPC通道才能与浏览器内核进程进行通信，通信的过程会进行安全的检查。沙箱设计的目的是为了让不可信的代码，运行在一定的环境中，从而限制这些代码访问隔离区之外的资源。</p>
<h3 id="JS中沙箱的使用场景"><a href="#JS中沙箱的使用场景" class="headerlink" title="JS中沙箱的使用场景"></a>JS中沙箱的使用场景</h3><ol>
<li>微前端：防止子应用修改window上的属性，隔离各个子应用，避免互相影响。</li>
<li>在线编辑器：相信大家都有使用过一些在线代码编辑器，而这些代码的执行，基本都会放置在沙箱中，放置对页面本身造成影响</li>
<li>vue模板中表达式计算：vue模板中表达式的计算被放在沙盒中，只能访问全局变量的一个白名单，如 Math 和 Date 。你不能够在模板表达式中试图访问用户定义的全局变量。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="实现-使用沙箱的方式"><a href="#实现-使用沙箱的方式" class="headerlink" title="实现/使用沙箱的方式"></a>实现/使用沙箱的方式</h3><p>iframe：是一种比较传统的微前端技术解决方案，iframe提供了浏览器原生的硬隔离方案。<br>快照：就是在挂载子应用前记录下当前 window 上的所有内容，然后接下来就随便让子应用去玩了，直到卸载子应用时恢复挂载前的 window 即可。这种方案实现容易，唯一缺点就是性能慢<br>Proxy：创建一个假的 window 出来，如果用户设置值的话就设置在 fakeWindow 上，这样就不会影响全局变量了。如果用户取值的话，就判断属性是存在于 fakeWindow 上还是 window 上。<br>可参考 qiankun 的实现方式</p>
<h3 id="沙盒应该像什么"><a href="#沙盒应该像什么" class="headerlink" title="沙盒应该像什么"></a>沙盒应该像什么</h3><h4 id="虚拟化、容器化、Docker"><a href="#虚拟化、容器化、Docker" class="headerlink" title="虚拟化、容器化、Docker"></a>虚拟化、容器化、Docker</h4><p>服务端的微服务主要是通过docker技术实现虚拟化的底层支持，使服务开发者可以体会到不同环境的区别，抹平运行时的差异。</p>
<p>在docker普遍应用之前，微服务在服务端的使用主要基于虚拟机。但是虚拟机缺点很多，浪费资源就是其中一大缺点。</p>
<h3 id="沙盒应该怎么做"><a href="#沙盒应该怎么做" class="headerlink" title="沙盒应该怎么做"></a>沙盒应该怎么做</h3><h4 id="单进程与多进程"><a href="#单进程与多进程" class="headerlink" title="单进程与多进程"></a>单进程与多进程</h4><p>参考单核、操作系统进程，模拟进程切换策略。我们的沙盒实质上在让一个浏览器去跑多个“独立”的应用，那么这里对操作系统的模仿、最终趋同一定避不开。在这个角度上，和其他语言相比 JavaScript 占了一个独特的执行特点的便宜：它自身是单线程的。我怎么做实质上也都是在一个线程内。相当于我们这个操作系统从一开始就限定了单核只有一个出力气。</p>
<p>那么一个操作系统，怎么做多进程并行呢， 单进程可简单通过根路由等等规则控制，每次只激活一个，大家做 context 切换即可；多进程并行就正好可以利用 JavaScript 的特性，我可以封装每个独立的事件循环。比如 setTimeout、各种事件回调的 handler，我们在实际 function 外面先切换 context，再执行你原本希望绑定的 function。这样是线程安全的。总结下来就会是下面两条：</p>
<p>1.用路由切换封装，模拟单核单进程。<br>2.用事件循环的总体封装，模拟单核多进程。</p>
<h4 id="Context-切换"><a href="#Context-切换" class="headerlink" title="Context 切换"></a>Context 切换</h4><p>用 context 切换来模拟线程安全， 具体的意思是在每个隔离的子应用“进程”即将开始激活时，先查找当前被激活的、其他的子应用，然后为这个将要退出的应用录制“操作系统”的全现场状态，保存为它的 context。最后为即将激活的新“进程”恢复、新建它自己的 context。</p>
<p>如上面所说，我把当前状态记录为 context，保证每个子应用都适用在自己的 context 内，不影响和改变别人的 context。这个操作全部由托管了子应用的父系统统一来切换。                     </p>
<p>体现删除 key 必须要遍历两次， 才能保证每个对象都遍历到一遍。这块要强调一个点，当你拿到新旧两个对象比较，遍历其中一个的 key、到另一个里面找，只这样做是不够的，因为有可能又删掉的东西。删掉导致 key 没有了，自然也遍历不到。想体现这个删除，必须要遍历两次，新旧两个对象都遍历一遍，才能知道相比之下谁多了什么谁少了什么。</p>
<p>Context 切换的性能够好吗？ 先说说这个快照的空间性能。如果你有 N 个沙盒需要有多少切换的组合呢，是不是 context 的全文、或者任意两个沙盒之间的 context 差异都要完整储存？实际上不用。我们只需要记录差别、context 的变化，并且只记录他对 “idle”状态的差别。例如 A、B、C、D、E、F、G。我们不需要记录 A→B A→C 这样的切换，而是虚拟一个空闲状态：O，都是 A→O，B→O，只保存他们和 O 之间的差别。需要记录比较的变量数量从子应用个数的乘法变成了加法。写一个循环就可以快速比较完变化。</p>
<p>综上所述就是让每个子应用的开始和结束、互相切换，都先回到一个虚拟的“初始状态”，恢复现场，再进入被激活的沙盒状态，每次切换仅记录一个沙盒信息。</p>
<h3 id="常用沙盒方案"><a href="#常用沙盒方案" class="headerlink" title="常用沙盒方案"></a>常用沙盒方案</h3><h4 id="CSS-沙盒"><a href="#CSS-沙盒" class="headerlink" title="CSS 沙盒"></a>CSS 沙盒</h4><p>先说 CSS 沙盒。 这块 webComponent 已经做了很多发展了很多了。这里忍不住要说，web 标准里一度有一个非常吸引我、让我感觉非常有意思的内容是 scoped css——就是加个 Attribute 就能结合 DOM 树限制 CSS 作用范围。后来这个标准被取消了。因为让路给了 ShadowDOM 体系。</p>
<h4 id="基于代理-Proxy-实现多实例沙箱"><a href="#基于代理-Proxy-实现多实例沙箱" class="headerlink" title="基于代理(Proxy)实现多实例沙箱"></a>基于代理(Proxy)实现多实例沙箱</h4><p>在单实例的场景总，我们的fakeWindow是一个空的对象，其没有任何储存变量的功能，微应用创建的变量最终实际都是挂载在window上的，这就限制了同一时刻不能有两个激活的微应用。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs $xslt">class MultipleProxySandbox &#123;<br>    active() &#123;<br>        this.sandboxRunning = true<br>    &#125;<br>    inactive() &#123;<br>        this.sandboxRunning = false;<br>    &#125;<br>    <br>    /**<br>    * 构造函数<br>    * @param &#123;*&#125; name 沙箱名称 <br>    * @param &#123;*&#125; context 共享的上下文<br>    * @returns <br>    */<br>    constructor(name, context = &#123;&#125;) &#123;<br>        this.name = name;<br>        this.proxy = null;<br>        const fakeWindow = Object.create(&#123;&#125;);<br>        const proxy = new Proxy(fakeWindow,&#123;<br>            set: (target, name, value) =&gt; &#123;<br>                if (this.sandboxRunning) &#123;<br>                    if (Object.keys(context).includes(name)) &#123;<br>                        context[name] = value;<br>                    &#125;<br>                    target[name] = value;<br>                &#125;<br>                <br>            &#125;,<br>            get: (target, name) =&gt; &#123;<br>                // 优先使用共享对象<br>                if (Object.keys(context).includes(name)) &#123;<br>                    return context[name];<br>                &#125;<br>                return target[name];<br>            &#125;<br>        &#125;)<br>        this.proxy = proxy;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><br>const context = &#123; document: window.document &#125;;<br>const newSandBox1 = new MultipleProxySandbox(&#x27;代理沙箱1&#x27;, context);<br>newSandBox1.active();<br>const proxyWindow1 = newSandBox1.proxy;<br><br>const newSandBox2 = new MultipleProxySandbox(&#x27;代理沙箱2&#x27;, context);<br>newSandBox2.active();<br>const proxyWindow2 = newSandBox2.proxy;<br><br>console.log(&#x27;共享对象是否相等&#x27;, window.document === proxyWindow1.document, window.document ===  proxyWindow2.document); // true true<br><br>proxyWindow1.a = &#x27;1&#x27;; // 设置代理1的值<br>proxyWindow2.a = &#x27;2&#x27;; // 设置代理2的值<br>window.a = &#x27;3&#x27;;  // 设置window的值<br>console.log(&#x27;打印输出的值&#x27;, proxyWindow1.a, proxyWindow2.a, window.a); //1, 2, 3<br><br>newSandBox1.inactive(); newSandBox2.inactive(); // 两个沙箱都失活<br><br>proxyWindow1.a = &#x27;4&#x27;; // 设置代理1的值<br>proxyWindow2.a = &#x27;4&#x27;; // 设置代理2的值<br>window.a = &#x27;4&#x27;;  // 设置window的值<br>console.log(&#x27;失活后打印输出的值&#x27;, proxyWindow1.a, proxyWindow2.a, window.a); // 1,2 4<br><br>newSandBox1.active(); newSandBox2.active(); // 再次激活<br><br>proxyWindow1.a = &#x27;4&#x27;; // 设置代理1的值<br>proxyWindow2.a = &#x27;4&#x27;; // 设置代理2的值<br>window.a = &#x27;4&#x27;;  // 设置window的值<br>console.log(&#x27;失活后打印输出的值&#x27;, proxyWindow1.a, proxyWindow2.a, window.a); // 4,4,4<br><br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 
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      <a class="nav-item-link nav-item-search"  title="搜索">
        <i class="ri-search-line"></i>
      </a>
      
      
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
<div class="search-form-wrap">
  <div class="local-search local-search-plugin">
  <input type="search" id="local-search-input" class="local-search-input" placeholder="Search...">
  <div id="local-search-result" class="local-search-result"></div>
</div>
</div>
    </aside>
    <div id="mask"></div>

<!-- #reward -->
<div id="reward">
  <span class="close"><i class="ri-close-line"></i></span>
  <p class="reward-p"><i class="ri-cup-line"></i>请我喝碗白粥吧~</p>
  <div class="reward-box">
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="/images/alipay.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">支付宝</span>
    </div>
    
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="/images/weixin.png">
      <span class="reward-type">微信</span>
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>
    
<script src="/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>

<!-- Tocbot -->
 
<script src="/js/tocbot.min.js"></script>

<script>
  tocbot.init({
    tocSelector: ".tocbot",
    contentSelector: ".article-entry",
    headingSelector: "h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6",
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: "main",
    positionFixedSelector: ".tocbot",
    positionFixedClass: "is-position-fixed",
    fixedSidebarOffset: "auto",
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css"
/>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.7.0/dist/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->
 <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->
 
<script src="/js/clickLove.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->
 
<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>
 
<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>